ratelimit: Use per ratelimit context locking

I'd like to use printk_ratelimit() in atomic context, but that's
not possible right now due to the spinlock usage this commit
introduced more than a year ago:

  717115e1: printk ratelimiting rewrite

As a first step push the lock into the ratelimit state structure.
This allows us to deal with locking failures to be considered as an
event related to that state being too busy.

Also clean up the code a bit (without changing functionality):

 - tidy up the definitions

 - clean up the code flow

This also shrinks the code a tiny bit:

   text	   data	    bss	    dec	    hex	filename
    264	      0	      4	    268	    10c	ratelimit.o.before
    255	      0	      0	    255	     ff	ratelimit.o.after

( Whole-kernel data size got a bit larger, because we have
  two ratelimit-state data structures right now. )

Cc: Peter Zijlstra <a.p.zijlstra@chello.nl>
Cc: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Cc: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Cc: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
LKML-Reference: <new-submission>
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>