[RESTRICT AUTOMERGE] Fix OOB write in noteAtomLogged

It's possible for bad atoms to have negative atom ids. This results in
an OOB write when we note that the atom was logged. This adds a
validation check on the logging.

Also added safetynet logging for negative atoms

Bug: 187957589
Test: POC in bug no longer led to the OOB write & crash
Test: checked event log for safetynet logging
Change-Id: I8a6b094c94309d7b02430fb860891ef814efb426
(cherry picked from commit cc0bba36)