CachedBluetoothDevice: Fix detecting connect fail

Transition from CONNECTING to DISCONNECTED doesn't have to mean that the
connection has failed. Add check to verify that connection policy for
profile is ALLOWED and only then trigger connection failed.

Setting connection failed results in "Problem connecting." in Bluetooth
connected devices UI.

Bug: 268587046
Test: BluetoothInstrumentationTest
Change-Id: I1eb116e4ae1735fafe3d7f35fc0bf51d21cb87d3