Add a way to query for supported Bluetooth profiles.

Currently there is no way to get the profiles supported by the Bluetooth
adapter. Asking for a profile proxy of an unsupported profile does not
fail and can lead to code indefinitely waiting for the proxy response. This
new code will allow for checking the supported profiles before asking for
the proxies.

Bug: 26451648
Change-Id: I4b48e7151f5ca53851aa3b967c143fae140ecd34
(cherry picked from commit b1301fa2)