Add TelephonyRegistry LOCATION checks

Enforce location checks for barring and registration failure
when a caller registers the listeners. This CL makes the
enforcement consistent between what's enforced at the time
listen() is invoked with the checks that are enforced at
all other points for these callbacks and ensures consistency
with the philosophy of other PhoneStateListener APIs
that are checked when listen() is invoked.

Bug: 157272471
Test: cts - atest PhoneStateListenerTest
Change-Id: Iadc6dc3dabc4f1abce7c5c4fc53d14a1e66f8ba7