Make layoutlib more lenient with recoverable errors

In many cases, throwing an exception will stop the inflation or
rendering of a layout. Sometimes, we could recover from some of the
failures and render a layout that is "usable".
I've done a first pass trying to follow the following rules:
 - Try simple recoveries by choosing sensible defaults. Not trying
 complex recoveries.
 - Only recover if the exception is not part of the class behaviour.
 Avoided removing declared exceptions or exceptions that are expected by
 the framework.
 - I've kept assertions in place so, in most cases, the behaviour will
 be almost identical to the previous one with assertions enabled.

Test: Checked with existing tests
Change-Id: I0001fdd3c808cf405c4eb8d734b9bbe63493e05c