Add missing symmetrical ContentResolver method.

We have a new ContentProvider.checkUriPermission() method, but we
forgot to add the symmetric ContentResolver.checkUriPermission() to
the public API, and a first-party developer helped identify this
oversight.

Bug: 151165313
Test: atest CtsContentTestCases:android.content.cts.ContentResolverTest
Change-Id: Ic5496b5a6fda14c25cb3752f5af2f71564d003ba