Check for invalid device attestation parameters

Previous releases explicitly check for invalid inputs. These checks
were removed with the move to keystore2 -- add them back.

Remove old prepareAttestationArguments* methods, as they are no
longer referenced.

Fixes: 188741672
Test: com.google.android.gts.security.DeviceIdAttestationHostTest
Change-Id: I4eeec8367ebdfad527395206ab9e89b409e02631