Frameworks/base: Refactor package manager

Introduce a mapping between dexopt reasons and compiler filters. Use
reasons in package manager and other classes, where possible.

Change PackageDexOptimizer to accept a compilation filter. Adapt for
the split-out profile merging. Pass compilation filter to installd.

Bug: 27689078
Change-Id: I8c0ea6f10fbfdbd096adecc52abfd2466d048fdc