10/n: Add remainder of functionality to FingerprintProvider

Also makes classes package private where applicable.

1) Caches pointer to the HAL, similar to Fingerprint21
2) Finishes remaining work on FingerprintProvider class, namely
   A) authenticatorId-related stuff
   B) FingerprintDetectClient
   C) InternalCleanup
   D) rename, getEnrolledFingerprints, binderDied, dump
3) Fixes scheduleInternalCleanup parameter ordering

Remaining work in Sensor.java (plumbing callbacks, etc) will be in
the next CL

Bug: 170497736
Test: Builds
Change-Id: I82d7ceac3282deb3e13dd1f04eb4c37e3776cdba