Enforce READ_PHONE_STATE for APIs involving call state

For API version 31+, ensure that READ_PHONE_STATE is checked on
APIs that retrieve/notify the call state of the device.

Bug: 157233955
Test: atest CtsTelecomTestCases2 CtsTelephony2TestCases
Change-Id: I9f8674a3075d3e0f75ee4f41eefce328c0fa6b91