Make TranslatingCursor deal with dupe column names

TranslatingCursor previously assumed each column name appeared
only once in the base cursor and used getColumIndex(String) to
find the index of it. It would then translate only that single
index.

Instead, maintain a set of column indices that need translating.

Also add a unit test.

Bug: 125467331
Test: atest FrameworksCoreTests:TranslatingCursorTest
Test: verified broken app in bug report is working correctly
Change-Id: I33a24bf6474338210ec7b9c6b54912ed49f23cb3