Add logging upon failure to edit SystemSettings

Add more logs about file state and file permission state upon failing to
read or write a Settings file. In the case of failing to create a parent
directory for the settings file, SettingsState will attempt to create
the folder with Files.createDirectories, which throws more informative
errors.

Bug: 119723324
Test: None
Change-Id: Iec8ed903e109558efc3a98906c68d1579b985232