LocationPermissionChecker: Exempt privileged components from location check

This is a port of the exemption that exists in WifiPermissionsUtil.
Settings, sysui, network stack needs to be able to access all network
state regardless of location toggle. If we want to move sysui, etc to
retrieve WifiInfo via NetworkCapabilities (which is the current plan),
this exemption is essential since UI should reflect wifi state
regardless of location toggle state.

Bug: 162602799
Test: atest LocationPermissionCheckerTest
Change-Id: I49ce465eccce27bb7a860d882360436fd9ec19c6