Revert "Revert "[SettingsProvider] remove in-lock calls to PackageManager.getPackageUid()""

This reverts commit 7a659fca.

Reason for revert: Fixing ag/14096109 to clear callingUid before retrieving applicationInfo

BUG: 183007597
Test: atest android.appsecurity.cts.ExternalStorageHostTest#testExternalStorageReadDefaultUris
Change-Id: I6b1e7f156e8e62e6d463a5986a0ef90bf2ef61ff