Move the waiting for the publishing of content provider to client side

...except the external provider client.

Previously the waiting is within the system_server and holds a binder
thread of the system_server. Now the waiting will be in client side
and the system_server will notify the client when the provider is
ready.

Bug: 149935749
Bug: 162450085
Test: atest CtsContentTestCases:android.content.cts
Test: atest FrameworksCoreTests:android.content
Test: atest ActivityManagerPerfTests:ContentProviderPerfTest
Change-Id: Ic1da797b895901f5385476295a14b2bb2d5b3613