Move phone ID to extra for action provision

Previously, the phone ID was appended to the broadcast in DCT and sent
to ConnectivityManager. Instead of sending both as an action, send the
phone ID as an extra instead to make the action a protected broadcast.

Test: manually verify a SecurityException when action provision is sent
Test: atest DcTrackerTest
Bug: 172459128
Change-Id: Ic4129def86949d7191d15056852718dadbd72fba