Refactor Telephony phone number access checks to LegacyPermissionMgr

The TelephonyPermissions phone number access check can require several
interactions with the system_server to obtain the targetSdkVersion
and check the required permissions / appops for the requesting
package. This commit refactors all of these checks into the
LegacyPermissionManager (similar to what was previously done for the
device identifier access checks), requiring only a single request
to the system_server to check all non-subscriber access requirements.

Fixes: 159662444
Test: atest TelephonyPermissionsTest
Test: atest LegacyPermissionManagerServiceTest
Test: atest SmsManagerTest
Test: atest PhoneNumberTest
Test: atest SubscriptionControllerTest
Test: atest TelephonyManagerTest
Change-Id: I6c5cdbeecc2c4a2e200dcc33eedcb9213376f1ad