Fixes type resolving in ActivityManagerShellCommand

 - There are 2 reasons for this change
    1. make it non-async, because the type may still be null while it's being used in the below codes
    2. Ams.mimeTypeFilterAsync is now used only when the caller does not hold the permission. So replacing it with ContentResolver.getType

 - Also granting shell special permission to access all provider mime types.

Bug: b/284407686

Test: The intended behavior was reproduced on local testing.
Change-Id: I9add06ffe8c0e7c185f0947f0695be259513bd13