rbd: add code to get the size of a v2 rbd image

The size of an rbd format 2 image is fetched from the server using a
"get_size" method.  The same method is used for getting the size of
a snapshot, so structure this addition with a generic helper routine
that we can get this information for either.

Signed-off-by: Alex Elder <elder@inktank.com>
Reviewed-by: Josh Durgin <josh.durgin@inktank.com>